Ovarian Cyst Treatment

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled structures that grow on the ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce eggs. Most are benign and many form as a normal part of ovulation, resolving on their own. Less than 1% are malignant, though the risk is higher after menopause.

Small cysts often cause no symptoms. Larger ones may cause a sense of fullness or bloating in the lower abdomen, often more on one side, pelvic pain or lower back ache, painful intercourse, or painful periods. Women of reproductive age are most commonly affected, while post-menopausal women carry a higher cancer risk.

Assessment usually begins with a pelvic ultrasound to check the size and features of the cyst. Depending on the findings, a CA-125 blood test may be used for solid-appearing cysts with risk factors, a pregnancy test to identify a corpus luteum cyst, and in some cases tumor-marker tests or laparoscopy for direct visualization.

Care is matched to the cyst. Many are managed with watchful waiting because they resolve on their own; birth-control pills may be used to help prevent new cysts from forming; and laparoscopic surgery is reserved for cysts that are large, symptomatic, or potentially cancerous. Dr. Aldam recommends the least invasive option appropriate for you.